- First, event management is primarily about the identification and generation of business events from the ambient events. Similar to what Carole-Ann and I had written in previous posts.- Second, IBM wants to introduce high level EPLs to express the logic for that processing that are business-centric, something very similar to what Business Rules Languages and approaches are in the business rules management area.
- leave anything related to transport, communication to other layers- use this revised CEP to express and execute event-relevant logic, the purpose of which is to translate the ambient events into relevant business events- have these business events trigger business processes (however lightweight you want to make them)- have these business processes invoke decision services implemented through decision management to decide what they should be doing at every step- have the business processes invoke action services to execute the actions decided by the decision services- all the while generating business events or ambient events- etc.
On Event Processing Agents implies a “new” event processing reference architecture with terms like,
(1) simple event processing agents for filtering and routing,
(2) mediated event processing agents for event enrichment, transformation, validation,
(3) complex event processing agents for pattern detection, and
(4) intelligent event processing agents for prediction, decisions.
Frankly, while I generally agree with the concepts, I think the terms in On Event Processing Agents tend to add to the confusion because these concepts in On Event Processing Agents are following, almost exactly, the same reference architecture (and terms) for MSDF, illustrated again below to aid the reader.
'Last week, Friends of Ed. very nicely sent me a review copy of Ira Greenberg’s book Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art (ISBN: 159059617X).'
Affective Processing of Loved Familiar Faces: Contributions from Electromyography | InTechOpen, Published on: 2012-01-11. Authors: Pedro Guerra, Alicia Sánchez-Adam, Lourdes Anllo-Vento, et
Using RhNav - Rhizome Navigation I wrote a data aggregator for Technorati's API. The first result is a video which visualizes blog domains by analysing Technorati's Cosmos (the blogs which link to a particular URL). The video is a screencast of RhNav fetc
Imagers based on focal plane arrays (FPA) risk introducing in-band and out-of-band spurious response, or aliasing, due to undersampling. This can make high-level discrimination tasks such as recognition and identification much more difficult. To overcome this problem, three-chip color charge coupled device (CCD) cameras typically offset one CCD by 1/2 pixel with respect to the other two. Analogously, monochrome imagers including infrared can use microscan (or dither) to reduce aliasing. This...
BI stands for Business Intelligence, which to some will sound suspiciously similar to Groucho’s famous comment. But in reality BI is more to do with providing the right “Business Information” to people who need it (i.e. business analysts), and there
This reference is either acquired through a stringified URI string, NameService lookup (similar to DNS), or passed-in as a method parameter during a call. Object references are lightweight objects matching the interface of the real object (remote or local). Method calls on the reference result in subsequent calls to the ORB and blocking on the thread while waiting for a reply, success or failure. The parameters, return data (if any), and exception data are marshaled internally by the ORB according the local language and OS mapping. [edit]
JT has posted his view on rules and decisions and how they relate. Given that James talks more about services than events, I thought it would be worth reviewing his post from both a Complex Event Processing and a TIBCO BusinessEvents event processing platform perspective.
”Decision Services:
Support business processes by making the business decisions that allow a process to continue.
Support event processing systems by adding business decisions to event correlation decisions (they are often called Decision Agents in this context).
Allow crucial and high-maintenance parts of legacy enterprise applications to be externalized for reuse and agility.
Can be plugged into a variety of systems using Enterprise Service Bus approaches.”
Most BREs today are deployed as “decision services”, and are used in “stateless” transactions to make “decisions” as a part of a business process. A CEP application is instead processing multiple event streams and sources over time, which requires a “stateful” rule service optimized for long running. This is an important distinction, as a stateful BRE for long-running processes needs to have failover support - the ability to cache its working memory for application restarting or distribution. And of course long-running processes need to be very particular over issues like memory handling - no memory leaks allowed!
Bruce makes an interesting comment on business rules too: that “routing logic in process gateways” are not “business rules”. That doesn’t really make sense: for sure some gateways will be process-housekeeping decisions of little interest to the business user, but others will surely embed business-critical decisions. On the other hand, it has long been acknowledged that a best practice for BPM is to delegate such business decisions to a managed decision service - hence the explicit new business rule (aka decision) task in BPMN 2.0. And,in the CEP world, for tools like TIBCO BusinessEvents to invoke a decision managed by its Decision Manager tool.
Multiple channels and types of events…
… executing in multiple Inference Agents (Event Processing Agents on an Event Processing Network)…
… where Events drive Production Rules with associated (shared) data…
… and event patterns (complex events) are derived from the simple events and also drive Production Rules via inferencing…
… to lead to “real-time” decisions.
The main characteristic to be aware of in these tools is that BE is primarily rule-based (using an embedded rule engine), whereas BW and iProcess are orchestration / flow engines. In BE we can use a state diagram to indicate a sequence of states which may define what process / rules apply, but this is really just another way of specifying a particular type of rules (i.e. state transition rules).
The main advantages to specifying behavior as declarative rules are:
Handling complex, event-driven behavior and choreography
Iterative development, rule-by-rule
The main advantages of flow diagrams and BPMN-type models are:
Ease of understanding (especially for simpler process routes)
Process paths are pre-determined and therefore deemed guaranteeable.
In combination these tools provide many of the IT capabilities required in an organization. For example, a business automation task uses BW to consolidate information from multiple existing sources, with human business processes for tasks such as process exceptions managed by iProcess. BE is used to consolidate (complex) events from systems to provide business information, or feed into or drive both BW and iProcess, and also monitors end-to-end system and case performance.
CEP is intelligent software that is essentially the next step in algorithmic trading – it sifts through market events looking for possible patterns and acts on them. A recent study into banks’ IT spending patterns by consultancy Aite Group, suggested that while budgets as a whole were likely to shrink by 5%, CEP investment remains on an upward trajectory. 36% of respondents to the survey intended to spend more on CEP this year than in 2008.
Adam Honore, senior analyst at Aite and author of the report, says: “We’re still bullish on the potential for CEP across financial services. Once one group successfully deploys a CEP application, word spreads and more technology groups look at CEP to help solve their issues.”
Free or low-cost sources of unstructured information, such as Internet news and online discussion sites, provide detailed local and near real-time data on disease outbreaks, even in countries that lack traditional public health surveillance. To improve public health surveillance and, ultimately, interventions, we examined 3 primary systems that process event-based outbreak information: Global Public Health Intelligence Network, HealthMap, and EpiSPIDER. Despite similarities among them, these systems are highly complementary because they monitor different data types, rely on varying levels of automation and human analysis, and distribute distinct information. Future development should focus on linking these systems more closely to public health practitioners in the field and establishing collaborative networks for alert verification and dissemination. Such development would further establish event-based monitoring as an invaluable public health resource that provides critical context and an alternative to traditional indicator-based outbreak reporting.
About a month ago I promised to make some tutorials about Digital Compositing using Processing. Finally I found the time to write an introduction and create a first example.
A. Bogoni, W. Xiaoxia, I. Fazal, und A. Willner. Optical Fiber Communication - incudes post deadline papers, 2009.
OFC 2009. Conference on, Seite 1-3--. (2009)
M. Phillips, J. Nguyen, und A. Mischke. Advances in Speech Recognition: Mobile Environments, Call Centers and Clinics, Kapitel 3, Springer, New York, (2010)
A. McAndrew, und A. Venables. SIGCSE '05: Proceedings of the 36th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education, Seite 337--341. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2005)- Kuvaprosessoinnin osa-alueita opetettiin yläkoululaisille: kvantisointi, kohinanpoisto, yms.
- Oppilaat tyytyväisiä
- Ei syytä miksei voisi opettaa jo ennen undergraduate/post-graduate tasoa.
R. Neßelrath, und J. Alexandersson. Proceedings of the 6th IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems, Pasadena, CA, USA, Seite 46-51. (2009)
M. Schwab, R. Jäschke, und F. Fischer. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Natural Language and Speech Processing, Seite 99--109. Association for Computational Linguistics, (2023)