it may no longer be enough to measure just HDL levels without determining levels of paroxonase and platelet-activating acetylhydrolase; levels of these enzymes may determine whether HDL is proinflammatory or protective. Likewise, measuring Lp(a) and small
For "traditional" cardiologists, CAD is a blockage or blockages in the coronary arteries, and the treatment is stents. For "nontraditional" cardiologists, CAD is a more systemic, diffuse condition, and the treatment is systemic.
Modern cardiology has given up on curing heart disease. Its aggressive interventions-- coronary artery bypass graft, atherectomy, angioplasty, and stenting--do not reduce the frequency of new heart attacks or prolong survival except in small subsets of pa
Women and Heart Disease The Role of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, MD; Elsa-Grace V. Giardina, MD; Anselm K. Gitt, MD; Uwe Gudat, MD; Helmut O. Steinberg, MD; Diethelm Tschoepe, MD Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:934-942.