Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex, centralized pain condition that is often difficult to diagnose and treat. FM is considered to have a genetic background due to its familial aggregation and due to findings from multiple candidate-gene studies implicating catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems in chronic pain. However, a multi-factorial analysis of both genetic and environmental risk factors is lacking. A better characterization of the interplay of risk factors may assist in understanding the pathophysiology of FM, its clinical course, and assist in early diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. Open Access