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- A new high-sensitivity magnetometer for susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 6–330 K has been developed. It uses the vibrating reed technique with amplitude sensing by piezoelements. The measurement is absolute because the magnetic moment of the sample is compensated by a loop current that is adjusted with a zero detection circuit. Dia-, para-, and ferromagnetic contributions can be evaluated simultaneously. The resolution for measuring magnetic moments is better than 10&mi...
- A high sensitivity vibrating reed magnetometer useful for measurements on very small ferromagnetic particles is described. The reed is made of gold wire (18 µm in diameter, 10 mm long). The mechanical vibrations of the reed are converted directly to an ac voltage by a piezoelectric ceramic. Using a lock-in amplifier magnetic moments as small as 10−9 Acm2 can be detected.
- A very-high-sensitivity magnetometer is described in detail. The sensitivity of the apparatus is typically of the order of 10−9 A cm2/(Hz)1/2, so that changes in magnetic moment of 10−10 A cm2 can be detected. The magnetic moment can be calculated by simulation of the measurement system. An example of a hysteresis loop is shown. The size of the sample is determined by electron microscopy. The physical limits of the measurement system are worked out and discussed.
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