International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering
8th International Conference of Information Technology, Control and Automation (ITCA 2020) will provide an excellent international forum which contributes new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The conference focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas
The hope of those who support the proposal is that the largest platforms would be required to either pay for use of copyrighted content that is uploaded or block content that is not authorised to be uploaded. Is this hope justified?
Within a single bacterial cell, genes are reversibly induced and repressed by transcriptional control in order to adjust the cell’s enzymatic machinery to its immediate nutritional and physical environment. Single-celled eukaryotes, such as yeasts, also possess many genes that are controlled in response to environmental variables (e.g., nutritional status, oxygen tension, and temperature). Even in the organs of higher animals — for example, the mammalian liver — some genes can respond reversibly to external stimuli such as noxious chemicals. In general, however, metazoan cells are protected from immediate outside influences; that is, most cells in metazoans experience a fairly constant environment. Perhaps for this reason, genes that respond to environmental changes constitute a much smaller fraction of the total number of genes in multicellular organisms than in single-celled organisms.
The different cell types in a multicellular organism differ dramatically in both structure and function. If we compare a mammalian neuron with a lymphocyte, for example, the differences are so extreme that it is difficult to imagine that the two cells contain the same genome (Figure 7-1). For this reason, and because cell differentiation is often irreversible, biologists originally suspected that genes might be selectively lost when a cell differentiates. We now know, however, that cell differentiation generally depends on changes in gene expression rather than on any changes in the nucleotide sequence of the cell's genome.Figure 7-1A mammalian neuron and a lymphocyteThe long branches of this neuron from the retina enable it to receive electrical signals from many cells and carry those signals to many neighboring cells. The lymphocyte is a white blood cell involved in the immune response to infection and moves freely through the body. Both of these cells contain the same genome, but they express different RNAs and proteins. (From B.B. Boycott, Essays on the Nervous System [R. Bellairs and E.G. Gray, eds.]. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1974.)
When you pipe the output, ls acts differently.
This fact is hidden away in the info documentation:
If standard output is a terminal, the output is in columns (sorted vertically) and control characters are output as question marks; otherwise, the output is listed one per line and control characters are output as-is.
To prove it, try running
ls
and then
ls | less
J. Gutzeit, L. Weller, J. Kürten, and L. Huestegge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 49 (6):
759(2023)Publisher: American Psychological Association.