Network models and integer programs are applicable for an enormous known variety of decision problems. Some of these decision problems are really physical problems, such as transportation or flow of commodities.
L. Huang. Internet of Things and Inter-cooperative Computational Technologies for Collective Intelligence, volume 460 of Studies in Computational Intelligence, Springer, Heidelberg, (2013)
V. Cristea, C. Dobre, and F. Pop. Internet of Things and Inter-cooperative Computational Technologies for Collective Intelligence, volume 460 of Studies in Computational Intelligence, Springer, Heidelberg, (2013)