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    Although the originators of the language socialization (LS) paradigm werecareful to cast socialization as a contingent, contested, ‘bidirectional’ process, thefocus in much first language LS research on ‘successful’ socialization amongchildren and caregivers may have obscured these themes. Despite this, I suggestthe call for a more ‘dynamic model’ of LS (Bayley and Schecter 2003), whilecompelling, is unnecessary: contingency and multidirectionality are inherent inLS given its orientation to socialization as an interactionally-mediated process.This paper foregrounds the ‘dynamism’ of LS by examining processes comprising‘unsuccessful’ or ‘unexpected’ socialization. Specifically, it analyses interactionsinvolving ‘oldtimer’ ‘Local ESL’ students and their first-year teachers at amultilingual public high school in Hawai’i. Contingency and multidirectionalityare explicated through analysis of two competing ‘cultural productions of theESL student.’ The first, manifest in ESL program structures and instruction, wasschool-sanctioned or ‘official.’ Socialization of Local ESL students into thisschooled identity was anything but predictable, however, as they consistentlysubverted the actions, stances, and activities that constituted it. In doing so,these students produced another, oppositional ESL student identity, which cameto affect ‘official’ classroom processes in significant ways.INTRODUCTIONThe socialization of children or novices by adults or experts into particularroles, identities, and world views has been the topic of scholarship for decadesacross the social sciences. Concerning as it does ‘the activity that confronts andlends structure to the entry of nonmembers into an already existing world’(Wentworth 1980: 85), the nexus of socialization research engages suchlongstanding problematics as ‘agent vs. structure’, ‘voluntarism vs. determin-ism’, and ‘macro vs. micro’. Depending on disciplinary origin and theoreticalorientation, emphases have varied in the diverse socialization literature on theinfluence that, for example, society has on the individual, or genetics has overthe environment. Notwithstanding differences in emphasis, however, earlytheories of socialization—from the psychoanalytic tradition of Freud (1939),to the sociological functionalisms of Durkheim (1997) and Parsons (1937),
    8 years ago by @umatadema
     
      2015_E852ESLTMA03Talmyagentethnographylearneridentitysocializationstructure
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      In this paper we look at three identity positions salient in research of young people studying in complementary schools in Leicester, a large linguistically and ethnically diverse city in the East Midlands, England. Our discussion of identity focuses on three identity positions: multicultural, heritage and learner. The first two of these are linked to discussions on ethnicity as a social category. We explore the fluidity and stability of ethnicity as a social description in interview transcripts of young people at complementary schools. In addition, the paper explores another, more emergent identity salient in the two schools, that of ‘learner identity’. The research can be characterised as adopting a linguistic ethnographic approach using a team of ethnographers. Data was collected for 20 weeks by four researchers and consists of fieldnotes, interviews and audio recordings of classroom interactions. We consider the importance of ambiguity and certainty in students’ conceptualisation of themselves around ethnicity and linguistic diversity and look at the institutional role complementary schools play in the production of these and successful learner identities. We explore how complementary schools privilege and encourage these particular identity positionings in their endorsement of flexible bilingualism. Overall, we argue that complementary schools allowed the children a safe haven for exploring ethnic and linguistic identities while producing opportunities for performing successful learner identity. Published (publisher's copy) Peer Reviewed
      8 years ago by @umatadema
       
        2015_E852BhattBhojaniCreeseMartinTMA03bilingualcomplementaryschoolsdiversityethnicityethnographyheritagelearneridentitymulticultural
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        This article describes a longitudinal ethnographic research project in a Grade 1 classroom enrolling L2 learners and Anglophones. Using a community-of-practice perspective rarely applied in L2 research, the author examines three classroom practices that she argues contribute to the construction of L2 learners as individuals and as such reinforce traditional second language acquisition perspectives. More importantly, they serve to differentiate participants from one another and contribute to community stratification. In a stratified community in which the terms of stratification become increasingly visible to all, some students become defined as deficient and are thus systematically excluded from just those practices in which they might otherwise appropriate identities and practices of growing competence and expertise.
        8 years ago by @umatadema
         
          2015_E852COPESLTMA03Tooheychildrenclassroomethnographylearneridentitylongitudinalstratification
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          The term ‘official pedagogic discourse’ is derived from the work of British sociologist Basil Bernstein (1924-2000), who used it to categorize State discourses on education as revealed in government policy documents and statements, formal state-approved curricula, inspection and examination criteria. Official pedagogic discourse, Bernstein argues, establishes particular social relations between government agencies and those active in the field of education, including educational researchers and teacher trainers as well as teachers and regional administrators, offering each group more or less status and more or less agency in using different forms of pedagogic discourse, knowledge and practice. Through official pedagogic discourse, he argued, the State constructs boundaries between different subject areas; between different types of pedagogic institution; and between different categories of learner, offering each access to selected forms of legitimate knowledge. It thus not only impacts upon curriculum and classroom practices, but also offers different forms of specialized consciousness, and thus helps to construct different identities for different categories of learners. Of course, in a democracy, government policy is not a single voice, and researchers drawing on the work of Bernstein have drawn attention to the multi-vocal struggle within official discourse itself, as well as the sometimes unpredictable outcomes for practice in the classroom of the convergence with official pedagogic discourse of a range of other (local) pedagogic discourses, themselves drawing on a wide variety of disciplinary fields (such as psychology and sociology for example), as well as from the ‘craft’ discourses of practicing teachers. This chapter considers the role of official pedagogic discourse as the link between macro social structures and micro classroom interactional processes; or the way in which the ‘outside’ social order is constitutive of the ‘inside’, or learner identity
          8 years ago by @umatadema
           
            2015_E852BourneTMA03ethnographylearneridentity
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