Zusammenfassung
What is the relative importance of small-scale (i.e., electron to
sub-electron scales), microphysical plasma processes to the acceleration of
particles from thermal to suprathermal or even to cosmic-ray energies?
Additionally, can these microphysical plasma processes influence or even
dominate macroscopic (i.e., greater than ion scales) processes, thus affecting
global dynamics? These are fundamental and unresolved questions in plasma and
astrophysical research. Recent observations of large amplitude electromagnetic
waves in the terrestrial radiation belts i.e., Cattell et al., 2008; Kellogg
et al., 2010; Wilson III et al., 2011 and in collisionless shock waves i.e.,
Wilson III et al., 2014a,b have raised questions regarding the macrophysical
effect of these microscopic waves.
The processes thought to dominate particle acceleration and the macroscopic
dynamics in both regions have been brought into question with these recent
observations. The relative importance of wave-particle interactions has
recently gained renewed and increased attention in these regions of space. In
this commentary, we discuss some open questions pertaining to the above issues
and raise further questions about the possible impact of wave-particle
interactions on regions of space that are currently inaccessible (e.g., the
solar corona).
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