Abstract
We present maps revealing the expected information content of cosmic
large-scale structures concerning cosmological physics. These maps can guide
the optimal retrieval of relevant physical information with targeted
cosmological searches. This approach has become feasible through the recent
development of causal inference machinery that is informed on the physics of
cosmic structure formation. Specifically, we measure the response of observed
cosmic structures to perturbative changes in the cosmological model and chart
their respective contributions to the Fisher information. Our physical forward
modeling machinery transcends the limitations of contemporary analyses based on
statistical summaries to yield detailed characterizations of individual 3D
structures. We showcase the potential of our approach by studying the
information content of the Coma cluster. We find that regions in the vicinity
of the filaments and cluster core, where mass accretion ensues from
gravitational infall, are the most informative. The results presented in this
work are the first of their kind and elucidate the inhomogeneous distribution
of cosmological information in the Universe. This study paves a new way forward
to perform efficient targeted searches for the fundamental physics of the
Universe, where search strategies are progressively refined with new
cosmological data sets within an active learning framework.
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