Modafinil induces wakefulness, but its dopamine-releasing action in the nucleus accumbens is weak and dose-dependent; no likelihood of euphoric response ('abuse potential').
...a newly published study from the University of California at Berkeley focuses on girls with the condition, showing many of the same unfortunate results. Visible symptoms of hyperactivity and restlessness largely recede during adolescence, but the girls
אתר הקרן המציג את רציונל, השיטות ללמידה מסוג זה המוכוונת לבעלי צרכים מיוחדים ולקויות למידה
מהאתר הפניה גם לפורטל של הקרן הכולל משאבי למידה: http://www.elearningk12.com/
Psychological Assessment 28.2 (Feb 2016): 214-225.
Comprehensive assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms includes parent and teacher questionnaires. The ADHD Rating Scale–5 was developed to incorporate changes for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This study examined the fit of a correlated, 2-factor structure of ADHD (i.e., DSM–5 conceptual model) and alternative models; determined whether ADHD symptom ratings varied across teacher and child demographic characteristics; and presented normative data. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
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Open access. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become a major aspect of the work of child and adolescent psychiatrists and paediatricians in the UK. In Scotland, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services were required to address an increase in referral rates and changes in evidence-based medicine and guidelines without additional funding. In response to this, clinicians in Dundee have, over the past 15 years, pioneered the use of integrated psychiatric, paediatric, nursing, occupational therapy, dietetic and psychological care with the development of a clearly structured, evidence-based assessment and treatment pathway to provide effective therapy for children and adolescents with ADHD.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology125.2 (Feb 2016): 220-232.
We tested whether conduct problems predicted young adult functioning and psychiatric symptoms among women diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during childhood, in the context of 3 potential adolescent mediators: internalizing problems, peer rejection, and school failure and disciplinary problems. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Is adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder being overdiagnosed?," by Joel Paris, V. Bhat, and B. Thombs in the 2015 issue. Login using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens for full text. SSOTP - request a copy of the article from the library - www.sssft.nhs.uk/library
Young adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show higher substance use disorder (SUD) prevalence relative to non-ADHD controls; few longitudinal studies have examined the course of substance use with reference to conduct disorder (CD). We compared initiation and escalation of substance use at 15-month follow up in men screened positive or negative for ADHD (ADHD+ vs. ADHD-), controlling for CD presence in early adolescence. Please contact the library to receive a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be treated with stimulant medication such as methylphenidate. Although effective, methylphenidate can cause serious side-effects, including suppressed appetite, growth retardation and sleep problems. A drug holiday is a deliberate interruption of pharmacotherapy for a defined period of time and for a specific clinical purpose, for example for appeasing side-effects. While some international guidelines recommend introducing drug holidays in ADHD treatment, this is not practised routinely. Our aim was to examine the views and experiences of planned drug holidays from methylphenidate with adults who have responsibility for treatment decisions in children and adolescents with ADHD. Login using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens for full text. SSOTP - request a copy of the article from the library - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
To examine the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms and (a) social functioning, (b) mental health, (c) quality of life and (d) sleep in children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is overrepresented in prison, making it imperative to identify a screening tool that can be quickly applied to efficiently detect the disorder. We explored the discrimination ability of a widely used ADHD screen, the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS-IV), against a clinical diagnostic interview. A brief version of the screen was then developed in order to simplify its use in the prison context, and maximize its diagnostic properties. Please contact the library to receive a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
two recent Cochrane reviews (Storebo et al, 2015; Punja et al, 2016a) questioned the quality of the evidence from available RCTs (see also a previous Mental Elf blog by Chris Hollis on this review).
Whilst meta-analyses of interventions (such as the available ones on ADHD drugs) often include parallel RCTs, no meta-analysis so far had pooled n-of-1 trials, defined as multiple crossover trials performed in a single participant, often with randomisation and blinding. Meta-analysing data from n-of-1 trials would allow aggregating data on individual response to treatment.
Punja and colleagues (Punja et al, 2016b) performed the first meta-analysis of n-of-1 trials, focusing on psychostimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives) for ADHD, for which numerous N-of-1 trials have been published.
Previous studies suggested that the presence of ADHD in children and young adolescents may affect the development of personality. Whether or not the persistence of ADHD in adult life is associated with distinct personality patterns is still matter for debate. To address this issue, we compared the profiles of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) that assesses personality dimensions in 119 adults ADHD and 403 controls.
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk of a host of negative life outcomes, including both psychiatric and health complications.1 While the psychiatric complications are well established, the question of physical health outcomes is in need of clarification.1 As obesity becomes epidemic in our society, the question of whether ADHD, with its association of impulsivity, contributes to that risk, is salient.1 ,2 Dozens of studies have looked at this question, but with seemingly disparate results.2 Quantitative meta-analyses therefore are needed to clarify this association. The present authors have been leaders in this area so their assessment of the field is of considerable interest. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Cross-cohort comparison is an established method for improving causal inference. This study compared 2 cohorts, 1 from a high-income country and another from a middle-income country, to (1) establish whether birth exposures may play a causal role in the development of childhood attention problems; and (2) identify whether confounding structures play a different role in parent-reported attention difficulties compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses. Open Access Article
"Women who take paracetamol during pregnancy 'risk having a child with autism or ADHD'," the Mail Online reports. But the Spanish study it reports on provides no evidence of a direct link to either condition.
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk of a host of negative life outcomes, including both psychiatric and health complications.1 While the psychiatric complications are well established, the question of physical health outcomes is in need of clarification.1 As obesity becomes epidemic in our society, the question of whether ADHD, with its association of impulsivity, contributes to that risk, is salient.1 ,2 Dozens of studies have looked at this question, but with seemingly disparate results.2 Quantitative meta-analyses therefore are needed to clarify this association. The present authors have been leaders in this area so their assessment of the field is of considerable interest. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) is, with a prevalence of 5 %, a highly common childhood disorder, and has severe impact on the lives of youngsters and their families. Medication is often the treatment of choice, as it currently is most effective. However, medication has only short-term effects, treatment adherence is often low and most importantly; medication has serious side effects. Therefore, there is a need for other interventions for youngsters with ADHD. Mindfulness training is emerging as a potentially effective training for children and adolescents with ADHD. The aim of this study is to compare the (cost) effectiveness of mindfulness training to the (cost) effectiveness of methylphenidate in children with ADHD on measures of attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
Prenatal smoking exposure has been associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is commonly associated with a wide spectrum of psychiatric comorbidity. The association between smoking and neuropsychiatric comorbidity of ADHD has remained understudied. The aim of this study is to examine the association between prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and offspring ADHD, and test whether the smoking-ADHD associations are stronger when ADHD is accompanied by other lifetime neuropsychiatric comorbidities.
Amphetamines seem to lead to short-term improvements in symptom scores, response and academic performance in children and adolescents with ADHD. However, we are uncertain about these results as only low to very low-quality evidence is available. Rates of decreased appetite, insomnia, abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting were higher among participants receiving amphetamines compared with placebo, but withdrawals due to adverse effects were similar in both groups.
A recent Cochrane review assessed the efficacy of methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Notwithstanding the moderate-to-large effect sizes for ADHD symptom reduction found in the meta-analysis, the authors concluded that the quality of the evidence is low and therefore the true magnitude of these effects remains uncertain.....To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
There is a global trend of large increases in the prevalence and incidence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to address potential causes of these major changes.
Letter. Login at top right hand side of page using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens for full text. SSOTP- Please contact the library to receive a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. The psychostimulant methylphenidate is the most frequently used medication to treat it. Several studies have investigated the benefits of methylphenidate, showing possible favourable effects on ADHD symptoms, but the true magnitude of the effect is unknown.
Families, Systems, & Health Vol. 36, Iss. 2, (Jun 2018): 233-247.
Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents is commonly managed in primary care. Changes in United States health care have led to the integration of behavioral health services within a patient’s “medical home” to improve access to, engagement in, and continuity of quality health care. Despite proliferation of these integrated care models, no studies have specifically examined models for managing ADHD in children and adolescents within primary care.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Although the media reported this as though it were a new finding, this link was already known from previous research. ADHD is a complex condition, and its causes are not fully understood. Environmental factors – such as whether a child was born prematurely – and genetics are thought to play a role.
Psychological Assessment (Jun 7, 2018): No Pagination Specified.
There has been growing interest in studying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood as a result of research indicating that ADHD often persists into adulthood and frequently is comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Adult ADHD symptoms are most commonly assessed via self-report, but prior research examining the structure of self-reported adult ADHD symptoms has yielded discrepant results.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Comment. Although the use of stimulants continues to increase in all age groups in the United States,1 an important debate has emerged in the last 2 years about how effective stimulants are for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For some investigators, the main message in the literature is clear: the quality of evidence from randomized clinical trials on the efficacy of stimulants is poor.2 For others, the problem is in the meta-analysis from which these conclusions were taken.3 Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
What is the risk of congenital malformations associated with intrauterine exposure to stimulant attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications?. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (Jan 10, 2019). DOI:10.1037/pha0000251
Multisensory environments facilitate behavioral functioning in humans. The redundant signal effect (RSE) refers to the observation that individuals respond more quickly to stimuli when information is presented as multisensory, redundant stimuli (e.g., aurally and visually) rather than as a single stimulus presented to either modality alone. RSE appears to be because of specialized multisensory neurons in the superior colliculus and association cortex that allow intersensory coactivation between the visual and auditory channels. Our studies show that the disinhibiting effects of alcohol are attenuated when stop signals are multisensory (e.g., Visual + Auditory stop signals) versus unisensory (Roberts, Monem, & Fillmore, 2016).. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Samuele Cortese on psychosis ADHD, a recent study that looks at the comparative risk of psychosis during treatment with methylphenidate and amphetamines.
ADHD persists into old age, with prevalence rates of 2.8 to 3.3% in adults over 60 years of age. Most diagnostic assessment tools are not validated for older adults. The Quantified behavioral Test (QbTest) is an objective assessment for the core symptoms of ADHD, and is validated for children and younger adults. We investigated whether the QbTest can be used to differentiate between older adults with ADHD and healthy controls.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS Athens details. To access full-text: click “Log in/Register” (top right hand side). Click ‘Institutional Login’ then select 'OpenAthens Federation', then ‘NHS England’. Enter your Athens details to view the article.
Neuropsychology (May 16, 2019). DOI:10.1037/neu0000562
Objective: Deficits in the ability to perceive time have been proposed as an etiologic mechanism in the development of the cognitive and behavioral characteristics associated with ADHD. However, previous studies testing the presence of timing deficits have produced idiosyncratic results. This is in large part due to the underutilization of insights from basic timing research, and from the inherent difficulty that arises when a single index of performance (i.e., reaction time [RT] or accuracy) is used to index the health of what is essentially a multiple-component process. The current article utilizes a diffusion model approach to isolate the component processes involved in timing (i.e., internal clock speed, decision-making speed, speed/accuracy trade-off strategies, and nondecision time) using a well-validated timing task.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
To examine in a community-based cohort: (1) the prevalence of chronic tic disorder (CTD) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with non-ADHD controls at ages 7 and 10; and (2) the additional psychiatric and functional burden of CTD in children with ADHD.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
This study investigated the associations between maternal symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and child functional outcomes in a community-based sample of children with and without ADHD.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
The 21st century has witnessed the discovery of multiple rare and common gene variants associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and these discoveries have already provided a starting point for the investigation of the biology of the disorder and novel treatments. The purpose of this selective review is to examine genetic findings from the past 5 years and consider their implications for the conceptualization of ADHD and future clinical practice.. Login at top right hand side of page using your MPFT NHS OpenAthens for full text. SSOTP (legacy account)- Please contact the library to receive a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Essential facts: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a group of behavioural symptoms including hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Symptoms tend to be noticed at an early age and most cases are diagnosed when children are 6-12 years old. You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
Comment. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and asthma the most common chronic disease in children; diagnosis of both disorders has increased in the past few decades.1,2 Given their high prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality, insights that improve diagnosis and lead to better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these disorders are crucial.. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai