The different cell types in a multicellular organism differ dramatically in both structure and function. If we compare a mammalian neuron with a lymphocyte, for example, the differences are so extreme that it is difficult to imagine that the two cells contain the same genome (Figure 7-1). For this reason, and because cell differentiation is often irreversible, biologists originally suspected that genes might be selectively lost when a cell differentiates. We now know, however, that cell differentiation generally depends on changes in gene expression rather than on any changes in the nucleotide sequence of the cell's genome.Figure 7-1A mammalian neuron and a lymphocyteThe long branches of this neuron from the retina enable it to receive electrical signals from many cells and carry those signals to many neighboring cells. The lymphocyte is a white blood cell involved in the immune response to infection and moves freely through the body. Both of these cells contain the same genome, but they express different RNAs and proteins. (From B.B. Boycott, Essays on the Nervous System [R. Bellairs and E.G. Gray, eds.]. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1974.)
International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Instrumentation Engineering and Control Systems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced instrumentation engineering, control systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Instrumentation Engineering
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The European Union debates a new law that could force platforms to scan all private messages for signs of child abuse. Its most prominent advocate is the actor Ashton Kutcher.
The hope of those who support the proposal is that the largest platforms would be required to either pay for use of copyrighted content that is uploaded or block content that is not authorised to be uploaded. Is this hope justified?
S. Gräfe, P. Marquetand, и V. Engel. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 180 (3):
271 - 276(2006)Coherent Control of Photochemical and Photobiological Processes.
P. KUMAR, J. SHANKAR, и Y. NAGARAJU. The International Journal of Applied Control, Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJACEEE), 1 (1):
1-12(мая 2013)