The collapse of complex human societies remains poorly understood and
current theories fail to model important features of historical examples of collapse.
Relationships among resources, capital, waste, and production form the basis for an
ecological model of collapse in which production fails to meet maintenance
requirements for existing capital. Societies facing such crises after having depleted
essential resources risk catabolic collapse, a self-reinforcing cycle of contraction
converting most capital to waste. This model allows key features of historical
examples of collapse to be accounted for, and suggests parallels between successional
processes in nonhuman ecosystems and collapse phenomena in human societies.
arXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for 2,299,453 scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics.
Global emissions scenarios play a critical role in the assessment of strategies to mitigate climate change. The current scenarios, however, are criticized because they feature strategies with pronounced overshoot of the global temperature goal, requiring a long-term repair phase to draw temperatures down again through net-negative emissions. Some impacts might not be reversible. Hence, we explore a new set of net-zero CO2 emissions scenarios with limited overshoot. We show that upfront investments are needed in the near term for limiting temperature overshoot but that these would bring long-term economic gains. Our study further identifies alternative configurations of net-zero CO2 emissions systems and the roles of different sectors and regions for balancing sources and sinks. Even without net-negative emissions, CO2 removal is important for accelerating near-term reductions and for providing an anthropogenic sink that can offset the residual emissions in sectors that are hard to abate. Current emissions scenarios include pathways that overshoot the temperature goals set out in the Paris Agreement and rely on future net negative emissions. Limiting overshoot would require near-term investment but would result in longer-term economic benefit.
Five female economists are revolutionizing their field by questioning the meaning of everything from ‘value,’ and ‘debt,’ to ‘growth’ and ‘GDP.’ They are united in one thing: their amazement at the way economics has been defined and debated to date. And they're suggesting some alternatives.
Every minute, South Korea's household debt rises by US$90 thousand dollars. Every 12 minutes, a Korean is declared bankrupt. Ordinary households now owe some...
Women, Business and the Law (WBL) is a World Bank Group project that collects data on gender inequality in the law. The dataset diagnoses legal barriers limiting women's full economic participation and encourages policymakers to reform discriminatory laws.
Lots of tech projects these days, especially crypto-networks, aspire to decentralization. Or their evangelists say they do, because they feel they need to. Decentralization is the new disruption—the…
What is the centralization that decentralized Web advocates are reacting against? Clearly, it is the domination of the Web by the FANG (Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, Google) and a few other large companies such as the cable oligopoly. These companies came to dominate the Web for economic not technological reasons.
Shiva, und Vijayakumar. IJIRIS:: International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security, Volume VI (Issue I):
01-14(Januar 2019)1. Aleksander. I and Dunmall. B, Axioms and Tests for the Presence of Minimal Consciousness in Agents, 2. Antonio Casella and Giuseppe Giuliani, Scientific thought and commonsense, presented at the “Conference Science as Culture” Como-Pavia, 15-19 September1999. Available at:http://fisicavolta.unipv.it/percorsi/philosophy.asp , accessed on 08/08/2 3. Barry Smith, D.W. Smith, Commonsense, Cambridge University Press, P 394-437, 1995. 4. Gordon, A. and Hobbs, J. A Commonsense Theory of Mind-Body Interaction. AAAI Spring Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Stanford University, March 21-23, 2011. 5. Hobbs, J. R. and Gordon, A. S, Toward a large scale formal theory of commonsense psychology for metacognition. In Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium on Metacognition in Computation, pages 49–54, Stanford, CA. ACM, 2005. 6. Hugo Liu and Push Singh, ConceptNet: a practical commonsense reasoning toolkit. BT Technology Journal, 22(4):211-226. Elaborates on ConceptNet, 2004. 7. John McCarthy, `Programs with Commonsense'', in Proceedings of the Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London1959, Reprinted in McCarthy, 1990. 8. Minsky M, The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind. Simon & Schuster, New York, 2006. 9. Shylaja. K.R, Dr. M.V.Vijaykumar, Dr. E.V. Prasad & Darryl. N. Davis, “Cognitive Architecture for evolving conscious actions into commonsense actions on Agents” presented at WCECS-2013, San Francisco, California, USA, October 2013. 10. Shylaja. K.R, Dr. M.V.Vijaykumar, Dr. E.V. Prasad & Darryl. N. Davis, “Consciousness and Commonsense Critics in Cognitive Architecture: Case study of Society of Mind Cognitive Architecture”, accepted by IJALR for upcoming edition, 2012. 11. Singh P, EM-ONE: Architecture for Reflective Commonsense Thinking, PhD Thesis, 2005. Available at http://web.media.mit.edu/~pus. 12. Singh, Barbara Barry, and Hugo Liu, Teaching machines about everyday life. BT Technology Journal, 22(4):227-240. Reviews several commonsense reasoning systems we are building at the lab--ConceptNet, LifeNet, and StoryNet, 2004. 13. Singh, Marvin Minsky, and Ian Eslick , Computing commonsense, BT Technology Journal, 22(4):201-210, 2004. 14. Vijayakumar. M.V. and D.N. Davis, Soft Artificial Life, Artificial Agents and Artificial Economics, International Journal, 2009. 15. Vijayakumar. M.V. and D.N. Davis, Design of Micro-agents based on the Artificial Economics, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI’09) USA, ,2009. 16. M. A. Montes de Oca, T. Stutzle, M. Birattari, M. Dorigo, "Frankenstein's PSO: A composite particle swarm optimization algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1120-1132, Oct. 2009. 17. C. Weineng, Z. Jun, C. Henry S.H., Z. Wenliang, W. Weigang, S. Yuhui, Ä novel set-based particle swarmoptimization method for discrete optimization problems," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 278-300, Apr. 2010. 18. M. R. AIRashidi, M. E. El-Hawary, Ä survey of particle swarm optimization applications in electric power systems," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 913-918, Aug. 2009. 19. Beni.G, Wang.J, Swarm Intelligence in cellular robotic systems, precede NATO advanced workshop on robots & biological systems, Italy June 26-30 in 1989. 20. Winkielman&Schooler, 2011, Splitting consciousness: Unconscious, conscious, and metaconscious processes in social cognition, EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011, 22, 1–35 21. Singer, W., 2000, Phenomenal conscious ness and consciousness from a neurobiological perspective, In T. Metzinger (Ed.), Neural correlatesof consciousness: Empirical and Conceptual questions (pp. 121–138). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 22. Searle, J., 1997, The mystery of consciousness, New York: New York Review Press. 23. Robin, Schmidt, Shamantics, 2007, Conscious Studies, online book, available at http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/consciousness_studied.pdf 24. M.V Vijayakumar, 2008, Society of Mind Approach to Cognition and Metacognition in a Cognitive Architecture, PhD Thesis (University of Hull, UK, 2008). 25. K.R.Shylaja, M V Vijayakumar, E V Prasad and Darryl. N Davis, 2012, Consciousness and Common Sense critics in Cognitive Architectures: Case Study of Society of Mind Cognitive Architecture, IJALR 2012. 26. Jacoby, L. L., Yonelinas, A. P., & Jennings, J. M., 1997, The relation between conscious and unconscious (automatic) influences: A declaration of independence. In J. C. Cohen & J. W. Schooler (Eds.), Scientific approaches to consciousness (pp. 13–48). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum..