For narcolepsy, or off-label for depression, night-shift work, ADHD/ADD...a prodrug, metabolizes to modafinil (Provigil®), resulting in nearly identical pharmacological effects, takes 45-60 minutes to reach active levels in bloodstream.
J Clin Psychiatry 2000 May;61(5):378-81 Modafinil augmentation of antidepressant treatment in depression. Menza MA, Kaufman KR, Castellanos A Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical Sch
Rapidly restores vigilance and alertness in older people and the physically and mentally tired. Has a powerful antidepressant action far superior to that of fluoxetine (Prozac) and clomipramine (Anafranil) and is without any serious side effects. Adrafin
The effect of Adrafinil, unlike conventional stimulants, builds subtly over a period of days to months. This appears to be based on its ability to selectively stimulate adrenergic receptors in the brain. These receptors normally respond to norepinephrine