NOTE: The MVN macro is obsolete. Beginning in SAS 9.2, use the RANDNORMAL function in SAS/IML software or PROC SIMNORMAL in SAS/STAT software to generate multivariate normal data.
PURPOSE:
The %MVN macro generates multivariate normal data using the Cholesky root of the variance-covariance matrix. Bivariate normal data can be generated using the DATA step.
NOTE: This macro is obsolete beginning with SAS 8.0. Use the STDIZE procedure in SAS/STAT software beginning in that release.
PURPOSE:
The %STDIZE macro standardizes one or more numeric variables in a SAS data set by subtracting a location measure and dividing by a scale measure. A variety of location and scale measures are provided, including estimates that are resistant to outliers and clustering
NOTE: Beginning in SAS 9, you can use the ODS GRAPHICS ON; statement and the PLOTS=SCATTER(ELLIPSE=MEAN) or PLOTS=SCATTER(ELLIPSE=PREDICTED) option in the PROC CORR statement to get confidence ellipse plots about the mean or individual values.
PURPOSE:
The %CONELIP macro generates confidence ellipses for bivariate normal data. It can either create ellipses for the data or ellipses about the mean.
What we present here is a macro that will automatically check all the numeric variables in a SAS data set for a specific data value, and produce a report showing which variables contain this special value and how many times it appeared. The macro is called FIND_VALUE
Many of us are presented with SAS data sets where codes such as 9999 are intermingled with real data values. Sometimes these codes represent missing values; sometimes they represent other non-data values.
If you run SAS procedures on numeric variables in such a data set, you will, obviously, produce nonsense. What we present here is a macro that will automatically check all the numeric variables in a SAS data set for a specific data value, and produce a report showing which variables contain this special value and how many times it appeared.
The macro is called FIND_VALUE and is presented below. You can download this macro and many other useful macros from the SAS Companion Web Site: support.sas.com/publishing. Search for my book, Cody's Data Cleaning Techniques, Second Edition, and then click on the link to download the programs and data files from the book.
The SELECT macro performs model selection methods for categorical-response models that can be fit in PROC LOGISTIC. These include models using the logit, probit, cloglog, cumulative logit, or generalized logit links. The macro supports binary as well as ordinal and nominal multinomial models.
Standard model selection is done by choosing candidate effects for entry to or removal from the model according to their significance levels. After completion, the set of models selected at each step of this process is sorted on the selected criterion - AUC, R-square, max-rescaled R-square, AIC, or BIC. The requested number of best models on the selected criterion is displayed.
NOTE: Beginning in SAS 9.2, the QIC statistic is produced by PROC GENMOD. Beginning in SAS 9.4 TS1M2, QIC is available in PROC GEE.
PURPOSE:
The %QIC macro computes the QIC and QICu statistics proposed by Pan (2001) for GEE (generalized estimating equations) models. These statistics allow comparisons of GEE models (model selection) and selection of a correlation structure.
The %VARTEST macro provides a one-tailed test of the null hypothesis that the variance equals a non-zero constant for normally distributed data. It also provides point- and confidence interval estimates.
NOTE: The CIBASIC option in PROC UNIVARIATE provides one- and two-sided confidence intervals for the standard deviation and variance. PROC TTEST provides a confidence interval for the standard deviation using either of two methods.
PURPOSE:
The %VARTEST macro tests the null hypothesis that the variance (or standard deviation) of a set of independent and identically normally distributed values is equal to a specified constant against an alternative that the variance (or standard deviation) exceeds the constant. The macro also provides point- and confidence interval estimates for the variance and standard deviation.
This sample combines macro programming with PROC FREQ and DATA Step logic to count the number of missing and non-missing values for every variable in a data set. The results are stored in a data set.
This sample illustrates one method of counting the number of missing and non-missing values for each variable in a data set. Two methods for structuring the resulting data set are shown.
The NLEstimate macro allows you to estimate one or more linear or nonlinear combinations of parameters from any model for which you can save the model parameters and their variance-covariance matrix. Most modeling procedures which offer ESTIMATE, CONTRAST, or LSMEANS statements only provide for estimating or testing linear combinations of model parameters. However, common estimation problems often involve nonlinear combinations, particularly in generalized models with nonidentity link functions such as logistic and Poisson models.
The Costs of War Project is a team of 35 scholars, legal experts, human rights practitioners, and physicians, which began its work in 2011. We use research and a public website to facilitate debate about the costs of the post-9/11 wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
This article is divided into three parts: the first part explains the definition of the economically dependent self-employed and proposes ideas for improving this definition of this dependency. The second part of this article is dedicated to the working conditions of the self-employed, while the last part compares the job satisfaction of the self-employed, employees and family workers.
- Robust and stochastic optimization
- Convex analysis
- Linear programming
- Monte Carlo simulation
- Model-based estimation
- Matrix algebra review
- Probability and statistics basics
SWARM is a cloud platform aimed at improving analytical reasoning in intelligence work. SWARM tries to improve analytical reasoning by improving collaboration within groups of analysts rather than by trying to structure their thinking in any particular way.
ASA's statement on the use of p-values. This statement focuses on the wide spread use of p=0.05 and it's inherent problems. It addresses recent criticism and urges data scientist to back up their p-values.
All quantities are presented in units of gigatonnes of carbon (GtC, 10[upphöjt]15 gC), which is the same as petagrams of carbon (PgC; Table 1). Units of gigatonnes of CO2 (or billion tonnes of CO2) used in policy are equal to 3.664 multiplied by the value in units of GtC.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] 13.11.2019— Nearly two decades after New York’s Twin Towers fell on 9/11, the estimated cost of America’s counterterrorism efforts stands at $6.4 trillion.
That’s according to a Nov. 13 report released by the Costs of War project based at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University.
According to the report, since late 2001, the United States has appropriated and is obligated to spend $6.4 trillion on counterterrorism efforts through the end of 2020. An estimated $5.4 trillion of that total has funded, and will continue to fund, counterterrorism wars and smaller operations in more than 80 countries; an additional minimum of $1 trillion will provide care for veterans of those wars through the next several decades.
By By Barry Saxifrage in Opinion | National Observer, July 31st 2019,
Global fossil burning keeps rising relentlessly as the world sprints away from climate safety. Here are ten charts from the latest data to show you what's happening and who's doing it.
Maakuntien suurimmissa kaupungeissa kirjastohankintoihin käytetään vuonna 2020 keskimäärin kuusi euroa asukasta kohden.Suomen yleisten kirjastojen pitämän tilastotietokannan perusteella hankintamäärärahat eivät ole merkittävästi vähentyneet vuoden 2015 valtionosuusuudistuksen jälkeen.
Tilaston perusteella hankintoihin on käytetty vuoden 2014 jälkeen noin 23 miljoonaa euroa vuosittain. Vuoden 2018 hankintoihin käytetty summa nousi yhteenlaskettuna 24,2 miljoonaan euroon.
On kuitenkin huomattava, että paikoin hankintamäärärahoja oli supistettu voimakkaasti jo ennen uudistusta. Vaikka hankintamäärärahat valtakunnantasolla nousivatkin vuodeksi 2018, rahaa oli silti vähemmän kuin vuonna 2010.
Tiedotteet– 7.11.2019
84 % suomalaisista kannattaa Suomen liittymistä YK:n ydinaseet kieltävään sopimukseen, käy ilmi ICAN Finland -verkoston Kantarilla teettämästä mielipidekyselystä. Kyselyssä edustavalle otokselle (N = 1002) esitettiin kaksi kysymystä, joista ensimmäisessä kartoitettiin kannatusta ydinaseiden kieltämiselle ja toisessa näkemyksiä Suomen kantaan YK:n ydinasekieltosopimuksesta.
Kysymykseen ”Kannatatteko kaikkien ydinaseiden täydellistä kieltämistä?” vastasi Kyllä 87 %, Ei 8 % ja Ei osaa sanoa 5 % vastaajista.
Kysymykseen ”Pitäisikö teidän mielestänne Suomen allekirjoittaa YK:n ydinaseet kieltävä sopimus?” vastasi Kyllä 84%, Ei 8% ja Ei osaa sanoa 8% vastaajista.
Live statistics and coronavirus news tracking the number of confirmed cases, recovered patients, tests, and death toll due to the COVID-19 coronavirus from Wuhan, China. Coronavirus counter with new cases, deaths, and number of tests per 1 Million population. Historical data and info. Daily charts, graphs, news and updates
M. Friendly. (2008)cite arxiv:0801.4263Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-STS241 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org).