v1.6.0 has been released with this feature; prefix your source image configuration with docker:// to use a base image stored in the Docker daemon.
Gradle: jib.from.image = 'docker://docker-image'
Maven: <from><image>docker://docker-image</image></from>
V. Spitkovsky, H. Alshawi, and D. Jurafsky. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, page 1269--1280. Stroudsburg, PA, USA, Association for Computational Linguistics, (2011)