*lol* ist kein Wort, es ist nicht einmal die Abkürzung eines Wortes. Was *lol* und *hey* sein könnten, hat der amerikanische Linguist John McWhorter in einem sehr unterhaltsamen Video analysiert.
Our language, much like everything these days, has been hacked. Fuzzy, contentious, and complex ideas have been stripped of their subversive connotations and replaced by cleaner, shinier, and emptier alternatives; long-running debates about politics, rights, and freedoms have been recast in the seemingly natural language of economics, innovation, and efficiency.
[Internet Archive June 23, 2012] Any set of statistics about word frequencies in Latin will inevitably be, in the absence of a survey covering all classical texts (however one might define "classical" or "text"), a function of the specific works and passages chosen for the database. This collection is drawn from two word counts made much earlier in this century...
The move from page to screen: the multimodal reshaping of school English.
Authors:
Jewitt, Carey1
Source:
Visual Communication; Jun2002, Vol. 1 Issue 2, p171-195, 25p
The result of over twenty years of research, the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR) is exactly what its title says it is: a framework of reference. It was designed to provide a transparent, coherent and comprehensive basis for the elaboration of language syllabuses and curriculum guidelines, the design of teaching and learning materials, and the assessment of foreign language proficiency.
There is a tendency to argue for or against bilingual education in terms of productivity (student attainment expressed as test scores), and that productivity is discussed in terms of division of time, curriculum and speakers. Although this orientation has produced some valuable macro- level accounts, it does not address the need for close-up interaction data showing how language(s) are used by teachers and students in classroom activities.
Bilingual education, in its many manifestations, can be used to
serve a number of educational and social goals which include:
• promotion of a majority language in a linguistically diverse society;
• promotion of a minority language in a linguistically diverse society;
• promotion of both majority and minority languages in a linguistically diverse society; • revitalization of a local minority language in a linguistically diverse society;
• promotion of foreign language in a foreign language learning context.
Leung focusses on two less commonly discussed areas: (a) the ways in which the notion of language as medium of instruction is abstracted in scholarly discussions and research; and (b) pedagogic integration of curriculum learning and language learning, foregrounding the need to attend explicitly to issues of language learning, particularly second language/additional language learning in bilingual education.
Language learning, especially second/additional language learning, is not an automatic and universal process for all learners p.11
Examination of how the chosen medium of instruction has been used and exploited in teaching materials and classroom processes would open up new angles of research. Combining these two aspects of language use is likely to enrich the classroom research agenda within bilingual education. p. 12
This paper discusses Halliday’s thoughts on three, natural components of language development; that of learning language, that of learning through language, and that of learning about language. Halliday discusses how language is a constant process, often complex, often instinctive, which begins before birth and continues throughout life. Demonstration of how language is constructed draws attention to the child not being a solitary individual, but one who is involved in interaction, and so becomes actively immersed with others. Establishment of how language is created from meaning, then transmitted between humans, emphasises this interactive process as a requirement for communicative success, and further draws upon the significance of context as a means of learning. Adapting language to various functions supports the building of reality and so allows transition from the use of language for doing, to the use of language for learning.
quick references that feature the most commonly forgotten things on a specific topic. You can print them out and hang them on your wall, or just keep them handy in your bookmarks for quick reference.
The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same expressive possibilities as HTML, but a stricter, more verbose syntax. Whereas HTML is an application of SGML, a very flexible markup language, XHTML is an applicat
From the page: "Children whose father's vocabulary was more varied when they were 2 years old had more advanced language skills at age 3. Surprisingly, the dads spoke less and asked fewer questions than the mothers, suggesting it was not how much they spo
Perl is a stable, cross platform programming language. It is used for mission critical projects in the public and private sectors and is widely used to program web applications of all needs.
A multilanguage blog with links and information on poetic invention – our term for exploratory/ investigative/ experimental/ radical/ conceptual poetry. [Graphic poetry, or poetic graphics...]
With this Web page, we are opening some aspects of hakia R&D to the view of our users. We undertook highly specific research tasks solely dedicated to the advancement of the core-competency in Web search. The main challenge is to make science work in a co
...chimpanzees and bonobos also make liberal use of gestures in addition to the sounds and facial expressions that are part of their communication system...
As human language is a primary mode of knowledge transfer, a growing integration of language technology tools into semantic web applications is to be expected. Language technology tools will be essential in scaling up the semantic web by providing automat
M. Isard, M. Budiu, Y. Yu, A. Birrell, and D. Fetterly. EuroSys '07: Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS/EuroSys European Conference on Computer Systems 2007, page 59--72. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2007)
R. Silaghi, F. Fondement, and A. Strohmeier. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on, volume 3599 of LNCS (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), (2005)An extended version is available as Technical Report
IC/2004/50, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), School of Computer and Communication Sciences,
May 2004.
M. Milewski, and G. Roberts. Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Models and Aspects - Handling Crosscutting Concerns in MDSD, in conjunction with the 19th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, (2005)
L. Steels. From Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference On Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, page 562--567. Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, (1996)
S. Choudhury, and J. Breslin. 'Making Sense of Microposts': Big Things Come in Small Packages: co-located with the 8th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC2011, (2011)
D. Zimmer. 3rd International Workshop on Equation-Based Object-Oriented Modeling Languages and Tools (EOOLT), volume 47 of Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings, page 33-42. Linköping, Linköping University Electronic Press, (2010)
X. Liu, and W. Croft. Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, page 186--193. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2004)
A. Hadgu, N. Lotze, and R. Jäschke. Proceedings of the Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Computational Social Science, Hannover, Germany, (May 2016)
M. Kurfali, and R. Östling. Joint Workshop on Multiword Expressions and Electronic Lexicons, Barcelona, Spain (Online), December 13, 2020, page 85--94. (2020)
S. Blodgett, S. Barocas, H. Daumé III, and H. Wallach. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, page 5454--5476. Online, Association for Computational Linguistics, (July 2020)
J. Lin, C. Yang, S. Tseng, and C. Huang. Language, Information, and Computation - Proceedings of the 16th Pacific Asia Conference, page 320--329. (February 2002)
T. Zesch, and I. Gurevych. Proceedings of the TextGraphs-2 Workshop (NAACL-HLT), page 1--8. Rochester, Association for Computational Linguistics, (April 2007)
S. Bergsma, M. Post, and D. Yarowsky. Proceedings of the 2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, page 327--337. Stroudsburg, PA, USA, Association for Computational Linguistics, (2012)
H. Lang, G. Wohlgenannt, and A. Weichselbraun. International Conference on Information Resources Management (Conf-IRM), Vienna, Austria, AIS, (2012)Forthcoming (accepted 6 February 2012).
E. Guy. Proceedings of ATIT 2004, The First International Workshop on Activity Theory Based Practical Methods for IT Design, page 33-48. Copenhagen, Denmark, Published as DAIMI report, University of Aarhus, (2004)
H. Jing, R. Barzilay, K. McKeown, and M. Elhadad. Proceedings of the Spring Symposium on Intelligent Text Summarization (AAAI 98), page 60-68. Stanford, CA, (March 1998)
T. Pardo, L. Rino, and M. Nunes. Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Computational Processing of Written and Spoken Portuguese (PROPOR), volume 2721 of LNAI, page 210-218. Springer-Verlag, (June 2003)
C. Paice. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, page 172-191. Kent, UK, Butterworth & Co., (1981)
J. Otterbacher, G. Erkan, and D. Radev. Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference and Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (HLT/EMNLP), page 915-922. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Association for Computational Linguistics, (October 2005)
K. Rosa, and J. Ellen. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, page 710--714. Washington, DC, USA, IEEE Computer Society, (2009)
T. Cao, and A. Mai. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS 2010), volume 6208 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, page 70-83. Springer, (2010)
K. Staykova, and G. Agre. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies, page 64--71. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2012)
M. Schwab, R. Jäschke, and F. Fischer. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Natural Language and Speech Processing, page 99--109. Association for Computational Linguistics, (2023)
D. Schlör, J. Pfister, and A. Hotho. 2023 the 7th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics (ICMHI), page 136–141. New York, NY, USA, Association for Computing Machinery, (2023)
L. He, M. Mavrikis, and M. Cukurova. Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners, Doctoral Consortium and Blue Sky, page 327--333. Cham, Springer Nature Switzerland, (2024)
H. Pon-Barry, F. Weng, and S. Varges. Proceedings of Interspeech 2006---ICSLP: 9th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, page 1930-1933. (2006)
S. Blümling, and N. Reithinger. Proceedings of DeLFI Workshops 2015, co-located with 13th e-Learning Conference of the German Computer Society (DeLFI-15), Munich, Germany, volume 1443 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, page 10--18. RWTH Aachen, Sun SITE Central Europe, (2015)
U. Callmeier, A. Eisele, U. Schäfer, and M. Siegel. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2004), Lisbon, Portugal, page 1205-1208. European Language Resources Association (ELRA), (2004)
R. Catizone, A. Setzer, and Y. Wilks. Proceedings of the EACL 2003 Workshop on Dialogue Systems: Interaction, Adaptation, and Styles of Management, Budapest, Hungary, (2003)
A. Bosselut, H. Rashkin, M. Sap, C. Malaviya, A. Celikyilmaz, and Y. Choi. Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, page 4762--4779. Florence, Italy, Association for Computational Linguistics, (July 2019)
G. Angelova. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS 2005), volume 3596 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, page 367-380. Springer, (2005)
J. Sowa. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS 2004), volume 3127 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, page 31-51. Springer, (2004)
B. Pangburn, R. Mathews, S. Iyengar, and J. Ayo. Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 2003 workshop on Learning word meaning from non-linguistic data, page 46--53. Morristown, NJ, USA, Association for Computational Linguistics, (2003)
W. Cavnar, and J. Trenkle. Proceedings of SDAIR-94, 3rd Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval, page 161--175. Las Vegas, US, (1994)
N. Tahmasebi, T. Risse, and S. Dietze. Proc. of the Joint Workshop on Knowledge Evolution and Ontology Dynamics (EvoDyn 2011), in conjunction with ISWC 2011, ceur-ws.org Vol. 784, (2011)
A. Majumdar, and J. Sowa. Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS 2013), volume 7735 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, page 22-28. Springer, (2013)
P. Langer, K. Wieland, M. Wimmer, and J. Cabot. Proceedings of the 49th International Conference on Objects, Models, Components, Patterns, page 52--67. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Verlag, (2011)
C. Teyssie. International Conference on Networking, International Conference on Systems and International Conference on Mobile Communications and Learning Technologies, 2006. ICN/ICONS/MCL 2006, page 12-- 12. IEEE, (April 2006)
M. Popovici, M. Muraru, A. Agache, C. Giumale, L. Negreanu, and C. Dobre. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS 2011), volume 6828 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, page 215-228. Springer, (2011)
W. Cavnar, and J. Trenkle. Proceedings of SDAIR-94, 3rd Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval, page 161--175. Las Vegas, US, (1994)
E. Filatova. Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Cross Lingual Information Access: Addressing the Information Need of Multilingual Societies, page 30--37. Stroudsburg, PA, USA, Association for Computational Linguistics, (2009)
P. Woodland, J. Odell, V. Valtchev, and S. Young. Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2, page 125-128. Adelaide, Australia, (April 1994)
D. Milward, and M. Beveridge. Proceedings of the 3rd IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems, Acapulco, Mexico, page 9-18. (2003)
Y. Wang, S. Hamerich, M. Hennecke, and V. Schubert. Proceedings of the 6th Workshop of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGdial 2005), Lisbon, Portugal, page 217--221. (2005)
C. Olston, B. Reed, U. Srivastava, R. Kumar, and A. Tomkins. SIGMOD '08: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, page 1099--1110. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2008)
W. Langdon. Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First
Annual Conference, page 141--148. Stanford University, CA, USA, MIT Press, (28--31 July 1996)
R. del Hoyo, I. Hupont, F. Lacueva, and D. Abad\'ıa. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Affective-Aware Virtual Agents and Social Robots, page 3:1--3:4. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2009)
J. Larocca Neto, A. Freitas, and C. Kaestner. Proceedings of the 16th Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (SBIA), volume 2507 of LNAI, page 205-215. Springer-Verlag, (November 2002)
J. Kupiec, J. Pedersen, and F. Chen. Proceedings of the 18th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, page 68-73. New York, NY, USA, ACM Press, (1995)