If you studied math, science, or engineering at a four-year college in the US, much of what you learned is useless, forgotten, or obsolete. All that money, all that time, all that wasted talent. If all we lost were a few years, no big deal. But the really
International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 2006, Volume 18, Number 3, 215-221 http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/ ISSN 1812-9129 Joy Murray University of Sydney
International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 2006, Volume 18, Number 3, 215-221 http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/ ISSN 1812-9129 Joy Murray University of Sydney
V. Kaptelinin, K. Danielsson, and U. Hedestig. Paper presented at the First Kaleidoscope SIG CSCL Conference (Lausanne, Switzerland, October 2004), (2004)
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H. Evens, and J. Houssart. Educational Research, 46 (3):
269-282(2004)This paper utilizes Toulmin's original framework to analyse over 400 answers given by 11-year-olds to a question on a written mathematics test. The question required children to say whether a given statement is true and give a written explanation. Categorizations of answers are developed from the data and examined, suggesting that many children appeared to understand the mathematics but were not able to give adequate explanations. Findings are also compared with other researchers' findings. In contrast to other studies, a large category of non-valid answers appear mathematical, but are largely restatement of the information the children were given. Although only a minority provided explanations deemed worthy of a mark, further analysis demonstrates greater degrees of comprehension than this suggests. Teaching strategies for building children's expressive and specifying skills are identified..
F. Arzarello, M. Bussi, and O. Robutti. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 4, page 89-96. (2004)
M. Bilenko, S. Basu, and R. Mooney. ICML '04: Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning, New York, NY, USA, ACM Press, (2004)
P. Cimiano, A. Hotho, and S. Staab. Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI'04), page 435-439. Valencia, Spain, IOS Press, (2004)
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